Fundamentals of computer
What is computer?
Computer is an electronic device which is capable to accepting data and give output to us.
2.what is data?
The collection of sound,text, images,and numbers is called data.
3. What is cpu?
CPU is the brain of computer.
Type of computer
There are three types of computer
1.Analog computer:
This type of computer used in physical department.
For example: measuring of temperature and pressure.
2.Hybrid computer:
This type of computer used in medical department.
For example: Ct-scan, X-RAY
3.Digital computer:
This type of computer is mostly used.
Again digital computer divided into four types
1.Super computer:
Super computer is most powerful computer.it is very expensive and bigger in size,due to bigger in size it kept into buildings and occupy large area, only few organisation use this type of computer.
Example: uses by NASA in America
2.Main frame computer:
This type of computer also bigger in size they are kept in air condition room . mainly occupied in wire the storage capacity of this computer is much more
3. Mini computer:
Mini computer is also known as midrange computer they are like refrigerator type.mainly used in production department.
4. Micro computer:
This is the most widely used by the all users.
Micro computer divided into 4 type
1. Desktop pc
2.tablet pc
3.Noot book pc
4.hand held pc
Type of categories
Hardware:
The thing that we can see and touch is known as hardware.
Software:
The thigs which we can not touch but can see is known as software.
Software divided into two types
1. System software:
System software is also known as background software.it gives a GUI format to the computer.
GUI- graphical user interface
Example: Windows XP, Window vista, window 7
2. Application software
b. Basic application software
Example:word, excel and PowerPoint
b.Specialiseda application software
Example: photoshop, corel draw , and page marker.
Storage Device
1.) primary storage device:-
whenever you currently doing a work that is saved onto primary storage device.
Example: RAM
RAM- random access memory
2.) Secondary storage device:-
When you saved your file onto hard disc at that time it is saved to secondary storage device.
Example:- ROM
ROM- read only memory
Input device
1.) keyboard
2.) Mouse
3.) Scanner
4.) Joystic
Output device
1.) Monitor
2.) Printer
3.) Speaker
Communication Device
1.)Web- cam
2.) Headphone
Binary digit (1,0,01,110)
• Collection of 8 bits is called one bytes(smallest unit of memory)
• 8 bits= BYTES
• 1024 bytes = 1 k.b(kilo bytes)
• 1024 K.B = 1 M.B(mega bytes)
• 1024 M.B =1 G.B(Giga bytes)
• 1024 G.B = 1T.B(Tetra bytes)
✓ the output which we get from the printer is called the hard copy
✓ the output which we see on the screen is called the soft copy
System software
✓ it is used to interface between users, application, software,and hardware peripheral.
MS-DOS ( Microsoft Disc Iperating System)
✓ it gives a CUI format to the computer
GUI :- Command.... line Users Interface
Type of system software
1.) Network operating system:-
• Window 2003 server
• Window 2008 server
• Window 2012 server
• UNIX ; LINUX
Network
2.) Client operating system:-
• Window XP
• Window VISTA
• Window 7
• Window 8
• Window 10
MS-DOS
Storage device
Primary storage device:
i)RAM (Random Access Memory)
volatile
ii)ROM (Read Only Memory)
Non - volatile
Secondary storage device:
i) C.D - compact Disc (700 MB)
ii) D.V.D - Digital versatile disc(4.7GB)
iii) Hard Disc Drive
iv) Pen Drive
Floppy disc - 1.44mb
SD card - memory card
Computer language
1.) Low level language:
Computer only understand low level language like the Binary (0,1)
2.) High level language:
Example- C++, Java, Python, Datnet etc.
✓ interpreter and compiler convert High level language to low level language.
✓ interpreter and compiler work as translator , compiler check all the error in one time while interpreter check all the errors step by step .
Number system
